Who Is the Architect of the Most Famous Memorial in DC

For a class project at Yale University, Maya Lin designed a memorial for Vietnam Veterans. At the last minute, she submitted her design poster to the 1981 national competition in Washington, DC. Much to her surprise, she won the competition. Maya Lin is forever associated with her most famous design, the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, known as The Wall. Trained as an artist and an architect, Lin is best known for her large, minimalist sculptures and monuments. Her first great success that launched her career—the winning design for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington DC—came when she was only 21. Many people criticized the stark, black monument, but today the Vietnam Veterans Memorial is one of the most famous memorials in the United States. Throughout her career, Lin has continued to create powerful designs using simple shapes, natural materials, and Eastern themes. Maya Lin has maintained a design studio in New York City since 1986. In 2012 she completed what she calls her final memorial—What is missing?. She continues to create her own Lin-chitecture with an emphasis on environmental themes. Photos of her work are posted on her website at Maya Lin Studio. Background: Born: October 5, 1959 in Athens, Ohio Childhood: Maya Lin grew up in Ohio surrounded by art and literature. Her educated, artistic parents came to America from Beijing and Shanghai and taught at Ohio University. Education: 1981: Yale University School of Architecture, B.A.1986: Yale University School of Architecture, M.A. Selected Projects: 1982: Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C.1989: Civil Rights Memorial in Montgomery, Alabama1993: The Weber House, Williamstown, Massachusetts (with William Bialosky)1993: The Womens Table, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut1995: Wave Field, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan1999: Langston Hughes Library on the Alex Haley Farm, Clinton, Tennessee (C-Span Video)2004: Input, an earth installation at Bicentennial Park, Ohio University2004: The Riggio-Lynch Chapel, Childrens Defense Fund, Clinton, TN2006: The Box House, Telluride, CO2009: Wavefield, Storm King Art Center, Mountainville, New York2009: Silver River, CityCenter, ARIA Resort and Casino, Las Vegas, Nevada2013: A Fold in the Field, Gibbs Farm, New ZealandOngoing: The Confluence Project, Columbia River, American Northwest2015: Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA (Design Architect: Maya Lin Studio with   Bialosky Partners Architects)2019 (expected): Neilson Library Redesign, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts Whats Lin-chitecture? Is Maya Lin a REAL architect? Our word architect comes from the Greek word architekton meaning chief carpenter—not a good description of the modern architect. Maya Lin has described her winning submission sketches for the 1981 Vietnam Memorial as very painterly. Although a Yale University graduate with two architecture degrees, Lin is widely known more for her artistic memorials and installations than the private residences she has designed as an architect. She does her own thing. Perhaps she practices Lin-chitecture. For example, an 84-foot scale model of the Colorado River has become part of the registration process at a Las Vegas resort (view image). Lin took nearly three years to replicate the river using reclaimed silver. Finished in 2009, Silver River is a 3,700 pound statement to casino guests—reminding them of the local environment and the fragile source of their water and energy while staying at CityCenter Resort and Casino. Could Lin have affirmed environmental impact in any better way? Likewise, her earth pieces are visually magnificent—as large, primitive, and unworldly as an underground Stonehenge. With earth-moving machinery, she sculpts land to create works like the temporary installation Wavefield (view image) at Storm King Art Center in New Yorks Hudson Valley and her earthen wave installation called A Fold in the Field in New Zealand at Alan Gibbs Farm. Lin won early fame for her Vietnam Memorial and notoriety for the battles it took to turn her design sketches into reality. Much of her work since then has been considered more art than architecture, which has continued to stir heated debate. According to some critics, Maya Lin is an artist—not a real architect. So, whats a real architect? Frank Gehry gets to design jewelry for Tiffany Co. and Rem Koolhaas creates fashion runways for Prada. Other architects design boats, furniture, wind turbines, kitchen utensils, wallpaper, and shoes. And isnt Santiago Calatrava really more of an engineer than an architect? So, why cant Maya Lin be called a real architect? When we think about Lins career, beginning with that 1981 winning design, it becomes clear that she has not strayed far from her ideals and interests. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial was rooted in the earth, built with stone, and created a bold and poignant statement through its simple design. Throughout her life, Maya Lin has been committed to the environment, social causes, and affecting the earth to create art. Its that simple. So, let the creative be creative—and keep art within the scope of architecture. Learn More: Maya Lin: A Strong Clear Vision, written and directed by Freida Lee Mock, 1995 (DVD)Boundaries by Maya Lin, Simon Schuster, 2006Maya Lin: Topologies, Rizzoli, 2015Maya Lin: Systematic Landscapes by Richard Andrews and John Beardsley, Yale University Press, 2006 Source: A Walk Through ARIA Resort Casino, Press Release [accessed September 12, 2014]

The Security Practices Of A Security System - 1980 Words

Abstract. Information in today’s world is promptly evolving and has tremendously changed the way we communicate on a daily basis. With the increase in mobile technology we now have constant access to information and services from our laptops, smart phones, tablets, and other web enabled devices. Nevertheless, even though information technology has brought colossal benefits to our culture it has also increased the impact of personal and private information. The research paper will exemplify the risks in not implementing a security system in the early stages of development. Another challenge that systems are facing, is how data has been collected and generated. With new ways of storing data a big number of rules are outdated thus data is†¦show more content†¦In 2013 Target had a breach which was ranked among the worst ever. Before the target incident in 2012, Sony Play Station 3 (PS3) suffered a crucial security leak. In this incident they stole and gained access to personal info rmation of PS3 user, such information stole was: users names, passwords, mail addresses, and credit cards. In other words, the attackers gained access to all your personal information that could potentially use it for their own interest, harming your family and possibly bank accounts. This trespassing was able to succeed because Sony didn t keep up to date their security software and protocols. (Reisinger, 2014) Sony could have prevented this breach if they have had a good protocol of security in case of any incident, not to mention that as part of your security plan you should always plan on having your system up to date so you can compete and protect your system against new threats. Many organizations don’t realized that by failing this important step you put your organization in hands of hackers, as the example of Sony in which it found itself in a privacy breach which affected millions of users accounts, Sony was also fined a large amount of money due to the information stolen. In other words, by not implementing or including software security to the system at the beginning of planning Sony could have had prevented this breach. Maintaining and having a secured system will always be more practical economically

Soccer Bringing People Together Around the World

What the rest of the world calls football, is known as soccer in the United States. Arguably the most popular game on earth, its internal controlling body (FIFA), boasts more members than the UN. Bigger than baseball, American football, and basketball combined, soccer is the most watched sporting event in the world, even more than the Olympics. Soccer is one of the most popular sports in Europe and the Americas. It has a vivid and interesting history in the world of sports. Soccer, it would seem, is not just a game, but a global event with wide political, national, and economic influence. Soccer origins go back to ancient times. Indeed, for thousands of years, almost every culture has enjoyed kicking a ball. Balls used in the game†¦show more content†¦Over the years this sport went under a lot of changes. Each generation brought something new, setting rules of the game. When someone is watching the soccer game, a lot of questions gets on their mind. As any other game, soccer has a set of rules that are followed during the game. It is said that there is 17 basic rules of soccer. The object of soccer is that the player has to get the ball into another team’s goal. The player can use any part of the body except hands and arms. The goalie is the only person that is allowed to touch the ball with his hands. The field of play must be rectangular in shape. Soccer can be played on either grass or artificial turf, but the surface must be green in color. The ball must be in spherical shape. There are 11 players on a team, including the goalkeeper. Each of the p layers must wear a jersey or a shirt in the same color as his teammates. They also wear shorts, shin guards, long socks and cleats. As in any other game there has to be someone who keeps an eye on rules, scores and the game itself. In soccer, the referee has the most authority on the field. 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Currently, the war against terrorism is a growing concern and countries around the world have come together to meet for a consensus about the negativity surrounding terrorism, specifically a unification against ISIS. ISIS, which stands for the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, is a terror organization that has claimed responsibilities for the

Putting A Successful Business Peter Thiel - 1102 Words

Peter Thiel is a venture capitalist and entrepreneur who co-founded companies such as, Pay-Pal and Palantir. In his book Zero to One, Thiel talks about the essential steps to follow in creating a successful business. According to Thiel, in order to create a successful business the founder must create a new product that has never been done before. He talks about the horizontal and vertical process of businesses. The horizontal process focuses on the idea of doing more of what is already working. While, the vertical process focuses on a new or better way to do something. Thiel says that the vertical process is what is needed in starting a successful business. One of my favorite quotes from the book is, â€Å"Every moment in business happens†¦show more content†¦If you have a typewriter and build a word processor, you have made vertical progress.† This backtracks on the idea of the horizontal and vertical process; it is so vital that companies come up with new and upda ted ideas to in order to accomplish success. Another important idea that I took away from Peter Thiel’s book, Zero to One, was the idea that, in order to think clearly about the future one must question the past, Thiel focuses on this in chapter two. Business owners must learn from their past mistakes in order to create a business that has a strong foundation. Thiel goes into great detail about how important it is to learn lessons from previous mistakes and take one step at a time while building your business. In Chapter three and four, Thiel goes into vast detail about monopoly’s and non-monopoly’s, the two simple models in business. According to Thiel, every company that has a monopoly is so successful that no other company can compare to it. Non-monopoly’s generally, â€Å"exaggerate their decision by defining their market as the intersection of various smaller markets† (Thiel 29). Monopolies are idealistic for a company in a competitive marke t compared to competition in the business world, which can trap a business and makes them less successful. When explaining this, Thiel compares both Shakespeare and Carl Marx. He states that Shakespeare’s explanation that people who fight are commonly similar to each other is more similar to the business

Architecture of the Sydney Opera House Essay Example For Students

Architecture of the Sydney Opera House Essay The Sydney Opera House is Australia’s most identified structure and is picturesque and aesthetic in an iconic way. It was completed in 1973 on Bennelong Point surrounded with a beautiful harbor setting. The design of this building with souring shell shaped white sails on top of a gigantic red granite platform, made a statement and is now known as an â€Å"architectural icon of the 20th century. †(Powerhouse 2014) This dominant masterpiece can be seen and experienced from all sides. Viewed by a boat, from an airplane, or by foot, the vision is substantial and not to be forgotten. It was built between 1957 and 1973. It took 16 years to construct this internationally acclaimed modern marvel. (Time Magazine 2013) The Genius behind this exceptional design is the Pritzer Prize winner Danish architect Jorn Utzon. The opera house contains nearly 1000 rooms, which includes the five main concert halls. The buildings dimensions are estimated at 185m long and 120m wide at its widest point. The roofs are made into 21914 pre-cast concrete sections, each section is covered with exactly 1,056,056 Swedish ceramic tiles. The tallest point is measured at 67m above sea level. The entire structure weighs over 161,000 tons. (Utzon, Design 2002) This masterpiece is nothing short of revolutionary. Utzon took risks and challenged his self with a geometrical design. The construction of the historical white sails took on their own four years to solve. (Utzon, Design 2002) Utzon used an organic idea to base his design around using pastoral colors on the exterior and using a leaf form pattern which he carefully thought up for the ceramic shell roofs. The reason the iconic shells were created white was to create contrast to the red-granite, concrete platform. The same materials were used for the flagstone on the shoreline paved walkway, which encircles the structure. (Uneseco, 1992-20015) Inside the structure housed all the performance facilities. Utzon incorporated a Mayan influence to this structure, which he was influenced by an excursions through Mayan ruins in Mexico. (Duek-Cohen 1998) The plateau of the Opera House has a 100 meter wide staircase that gives onlookers the impression they are in another world, freeing them from the stresses of daily life. â€Å"The sun did not know how beautiful its light was, until it was reflected off this building,† – Louis Kahn (Principles 2002) the interior of the Opera House was said to by Utzon â€Å"To put the people into a festive mood, and take them out of their daily lives. – Jorn Utzon It differs completely from the exterior. Where the exterior is all natural, bland colors, the inferior is bright joyful, yellows, reds, and oranges. He took some ideas from Chinese and Buddhist are and temples. In the main, concert, and opera halls there are murals and designs by well-known artist; John Olsen’s â€Å"Five Bells† and Michael Nelson Jagamara’s â€Å"Possum Dreaming,† to name just a few (Powerhouse 2014) Utzon was an architectural genius, but he also took a lot of scrutinizing from the Australian government. So when he won the Peritzer Prize for his work on the Opera House it was a very surreal moment. â€Å"Utzon made a building well ahead of his time, far ahead of available technologies, and he persevered though malicious criticisms to a building that changed the image of an entire country. It is the first time in our lifetime that such an epic piece of architecture gained such universal presence. † – Frank Gehry (Jorn Utzon 2003) This quote from a fellow college shows how prestige Utzon was held by not only his colleges, but the entire world. .ud206d633edf8f88f6fa5988ba07f0b0d , .ud206d633edf8f88f6fa5988ba07f0b0d .postImageUrl , .ud206d633edf8f88f6fa5988ba07f0b0d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud206d633edf8f88f6fa5988ba07f0b0d , .ud206d633edf8f88f6fa5988ba07f0b0d:hover , .ud206d633edf8f88f6fa5988ba07f0b0d:visited , .ud206d633edf8f88f6fa5988ba07f0b0d:active { border:0!important; } .ud206d633edf8f88f6fa5988ba07f0b0d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud206d633edf8f88f6fa5988ba07f0b0d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud206d633edf8f88f6fa5988ba07f0b0d:active , .ud206d633edf8f88f6fa5988ba07f0b0d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud206d633edf8f88f6fa5988ba07f0b0d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud206d633edf8f88f6fa5988ba07f0b0d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud206d633edf8f88f6fa5988ba07f0b0d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud206d633edf8f88f6fa5988ba07f0b0d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud206d633edf8f88f6fa5988ba07f0b0d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud206d633edf8f88f6fa5988ba07f0b0d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud206d633edf8f88f6fa5988ba07f0b0d .ud206d633edf8f88f6fa5988ba07f0b0d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud206d633edf8f88f6fa5988ba07f0b0d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A House For Mr. Biswas EssayToday, more than being a world-class performing arts center, the Opera House represents Sydney and even the whole nation the same way as the Eiffel tower represents Paris. (Sydney Opera House 2015) It’s known not only for its outstanding architecture, but also for exceptional engineering and technological innovation. However, there are still complaints from some parties on the acoustical properties as well as on the inadequacy of support spaces (UNESCO, 2009). The problems were fixed in 2004 towards the correction of the acoustics, but the hall still may undergo changes in the future. Utzon created a set of design principles in 1999 that guide how changes are to be implemented to the structure. Since he had so many fall outs with the government, Utzon was never to return to Australia, never to see the final result of his work. It is a solemn ending to such an inspiring and life-changing structure in the world, but he did gain the most renowned architectural prize in the world, the Prizter Prize. On November 29th, 2008, Utzon passed away at 90 years of age. To him we owe thanks to changing the architectural boundaries forever (Australian Heritage 2003). Bibliography: Australian Heritage Database, Sydney Opera House 2003 Duek-Cohen, Elias. Utzon and the Sydney Opera House, Morgan Publiations 1998 â€Å"Model of Sydney Opera House† Powerhouse museum –collection database May 6, 2014 Outstanding Universal value. Web. Uneseco World Heritage center 2015 â€Å"Sydney Opera House History† Web. Sydney Opera house Official Site Sydney Opera House, Utzon Design priciples, May 2002. â€Å"World Landmarks Go Dark in Honor of Earth Hour† Time Magazine Jan.28, 2013

Potential Target Markets for the Fast Food Restaurant-Free-Samples

Questions: Discuss about the potential target markets for the Fast food restaurant in Coconut Plantation Resort, Hawaii. Answers: Introduction Target segments along with the product offerings should properly designed and identified. This is due to the reason that in the current time of increased competition in the market, especially in the Hawaiian tourism, effective and proper identification of the target markets is important. In addition, having an effective communication mix is also important in order to communicate with the potential customers regarding the offered services (Todorova 2015). This report will discuss about the probable target market for the restaurant in Coconut Plantation Resort in Hawaii along with the identification of exact type of restaurant to offer. This report will also discuss about an ideal communication mix for the restaurant considering all the relevant elements. Identification of the target market Market segmentation includes different aspects to be considered including demographical, geographical and psycho graphical segmentation. In the case of the Coconut Plantation Resort, target segments will be determined in relation to the demographical and psycho graphical segmentation. In terms of the demographical segmentation, the target segment should be the young professionals aged between 26 to 40 and the late adults aged over 50 (Hess and Doe 2013). These are the most potential target segment due to the reason that there are mainly two types of customer segments go for vacation in Hawaii. One is the young professionals who are the having stable professional life and having the purchasing power to enjoy leisure vacations and the other is the late adults who wants to enjoy their older age in leisure. Both these target segments will have favorable purchasing power to spend in the Coconut Plantation Resort. Another probable target segment is in terms of psychographic segmentation. According to the case study, independent traveler constitutes the major portion of the total inflow of tourists (Park and Jang 2014). Thus, the market potentiality by targeting them will be more. On the other hand, these travelers not travel with setoff itinerary and pre-purchased services. Thus, the potentiality of generating business from them is more. Recommended restaurant According to the case study, there are mainly three types of restaurants being prescribed. However, it is recommended that fast food restaurant will be the most applicable and proper for Coconut Plantation Resort. This is due to the reason that, in the case study, it is stated that table cloth and moderately priced restaurants only offers three meals a day (James et al. 2014). In addition, the variation in the food offerings will be more in case of the fast food restaurants over others. It is also to be noted that tourists in the Hawaii Island will enjoy more of the local fast foods compared to the fixed meals. Tourist tends to spend fixed amount for their meals in the restaurant, while spending for fast food varies. Thus, the business opportunities can get more through fast food restaurant. Fast food restaurant will be able to offer more authentic local cuisines compared to the clothed restaurants. Specialty restaurants are also not considered due to the reason that they will only c ater to the higher end customers, while the fast food restaurants will be able to cater to larger section of the customers (Wang, Tran and Nguyen 2014) Ideal product levels Four product levels of fast food restaurants will be discussed including the core product, generic product, expected product and augmented product. The core product of the fast food restaurant will be the foods being offered. The core products will be diversified in order to enhance the effectiveness of the core offerings. Having multiple cuisines will help to cater to larger customer base (Booth 2014). Generic product of the fast food restaurant will be the quality of the foods along with the authentic taste. Proper hygiene and health standards will be maintained in preparing the food (Penzenstadler and Femmer 2013). Organic materials will be used in order to provide the authentic taste and quality to the customers. Expected product of the fast food restaurant is the expectation of the customers from it. This includes the authenticity of the local taste and cuisines with exact flavor. Customers also expect that executives will be friendly and the time for the food delivery will be less. Cost will also be in accordance to the products. These factors will be considered in order to fulfill the customer expectations. Augmented products are the additional offerings, which will enhance the customer value as well as create a distinctive image in the market. In the case of the fast food restaurant, the color scheme to be used in the premises along with the style of branding will be different from that of the market (Seo and Jang 2013). In addition, services will be also distinctive by offering drive in services and hotel delivery of the foods Pricing strategy Affordable and economy pricing will be initiated by the fast food restaurant in order to cater to different customer segments. This is due to the reason that fast food will attract customers across different income levels (Spann, Fischer and Tellis 2014). Moreover, with having economy pricing, higher end customers can also be targeted due to the reason that economy pricing goes well with the fast food market. Communication mix strategy Target market Reach Lifespan Frequency Advertisements Entire target market consisting of customers across every income levels. Advertisements will have higher market penetration due to the involvement of number of different mediums. The life span will be more and in accordance to the business. Advertisements will continue throughout their business operation. Frequency will be more due to the presence of different mediums. However, the design will typically change after every 4 months according to the market trends. Sales promotion Will target mainly the mass market and the frequent customers. Reach of the sales promotion will have limited reach and but with higher effectiveness. It will be limited among the customers coming to the restaurant. Lifespan of sales promotion will be less and it will be limited to newly launched offerings. Sales promotion will be done in less frequency and will only be initiated upon requirements. Public relation Will mainly target the higher end customers who are not frequent. Market reach will also be limited among the not so frequent customers. Lifespan of public relation will also be more and it will be continued in order to identify the change in the market trend and requirements. Public relation will be initiated in limited frequency and will only be initiated at the peak seasons. Direct marketing Will target all the customers regardless of having potential or not. Direct marketing will have more marketing reach due to the communication of the messages to every single corner. The lifespan for direct marketing will be more due to the reason that it will also be continued along with the business operation. The frequency of direct marketing will be more and it will be conducted in regular basis. Medium Message Objective Finance Advertisements Different mediums will be involved such as print media, outdoor medium and social media. Print media will help to communicate to the potential customers in the local hotels. Outdoor medium will ensure enhanced brand visibility and social media will help to reach out to more customers in less cost. The message will include basic information about the fast food restaurant along with the value creating factors for the customers. The color scheme to be used in communicating the message will be same to the branding. The core objective of the initiation of advertisements will be reach out to maximum number of potential customers possible and make them aware about the presence of the restaurant. Another objective is to make customers aware about the core products to be received. Advertisements will cost more due to the involvement of different mediums. It is estimated that US$ 3000 will be required for advertisements. Sales promotion Mediums of sales promotion will include customer loyalty programs, seasonal offerings and promo codes. These mediums will help to attract customers along with making aware about the foods. This will also increase the customer footfalls. The message will include the product description along with the ingredients used in preparing the foods. The message will also include the added services to be received by the customers. The main objective of sale promotion is to attract more customers during the off season along with maintaining the existing customer base. Another objective is to increase the customer loyalty of the most frequent customers. Sales promotion will also have certain cost due to the fact that seasonal offerings and discounts will incur added cost. It is estimated that US$ 1500 will be required for sales promotion activities. Public relation Mediums of public relation will be initiation of two ways communication process in the online community such as social media. This will help in determining the requirement of the customers. The message will include the ways by which the restaurant is willing to serve better. The message will also include the steps taken in enhancing the customer satisfaction. The objective of initiation of public relation is to enhance the level of satisfaction of the customers along with maintaining the positive relationship with the customers. Due to the involvement of different mediums, an added cost will also be incurred in the initiation of the public relation activities. US850 will be required in this case. Direct marketing Mediums for the direct marketing will be email, phone call and online texts. These mediums will help to communicate with the customers directly and in more personalized way. The message will include brief service offered by the fast food restaurant along with the price chart. Moreover, the message will also include the added facilities and distinctive services of the restaurants. Objective will include reaching to major sections of the target market and making them aware about the restaurant. US$ 500 will be required for this activity. Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded that Coconut Plantation Resort should have fast food restaurant in their location. This is due to the reason that fast food restaurant will be more effective in catering to major section of the target market. This report also discussed about the two most potential target segments along with discussing the ideal communication mix to reach out to maximum number of customers References Booth, D.A., 2014. Measuring sensory and marketing influences on consumers' choices among food and beverage product brands.Trends in food science technology,35(2), pp.129-137. Hess, M. and Doe, P., 2013. The Marketer's Dilemma: Focusing on a Target or a Demographic?: The Utility of Data-Integration Techniques.Journal of Advertising Research,53(2), pp.231-236. 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